simplypsychology.org

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Free website and domain report on simplypsychology.org

Last Updated: 12th April, 2021 Update Now
Overview

Snoop Summary for simplypsychology.org

This is a free and comprehensive report about simplypsychology.org. The domain simplypsychology.org is currently hosted on a server located in Montreal, Quebec in Canada with the IP address 99.79.175.42, where CAD is the local currency and the local language is English. Our records indicate that simplypsychology.org is privately registered by REDACTED FOR PRIVACY. Simplypsychology.org is expected to earn an estimated $286 USD per day from advertising revenue. The sale of simplypsychology.org would possibly be worth $208,731 USD. This figure is based on the daily revenue potential of the website over a 24 month period. Simplypsychology.org is wildly popular with an estimated 67,611 daily unique visitors. This report was last updated 12th April, 2021.

About simplypsychology.org

Site Preview: simplypsychology.org simplypsychology.org
Title: Study Guides for Psychology Students - Simply Psychology
Description: Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts.
Keywords and Tags: education, reference
Related Terms: books about psychology, intro to psychology, introduction to psychology, psychology career information, psychology experiments, psychology graduate programs, psychology in daily life, psychology of religion, psychology resources, sport psychology
Fav Icon:
Age: Over 13 years old
Domain Created: 12th November, 2010
Domain Updated: 12th July, 2020
Domain Expires: 12th November, 2029
Review

Snoop Score

4/5 (Excellent!)

Valuation

$208,731 USD
Note: All valuation figures are estimates.

Popularity

High
Note: Popularity is estimated.

Rank, Reach and Authority

Alexa Rank: 17,791
Alexa Reach:
SEMrush Rank (US):
SEMrush Authority Score:
Moz Domain Authority: 0
Moz Page Authority: 0

Organic vs Paid (Google Ads)

Traffic

Visitors

Daily Visitors: 67,611
Monthly Visitors: 2,057,866
Yearly Visitors: 24,678,015
Note: All visitors figures are estimates.

Visitors By Country

Revenue

Revenue

Daily Revenue: $286 USD
Monthly Revenue: $8,702 USD
Yearly Revenue: $104,361 USD
Note: All revenue figures are estimates.

Revenue By Country

SEO

Backlinks Analysis (SEMrush)

Top New Follow Links

Top Ranking Keywords (US)

Domain Analysis

Value Length
Domain: simplypsychology.org 20
Domain Name: simplypsychology 16
Extension (TLD): org 3
Expiry Check:

Page Speed Analysis

Average Load Time: 2.20 seconds
Load Time Comparison: Faster than 39% of sites

PageSpeed Insights

Avg. (All Categories) 71
Performance 72
Accessibility 73
Best Practices 80
SEO 92
Progressive Web App 36
0–49 (Fail) 50–89 (Average) 90–100 (Pass)
URL: https://www.simplypsychology.org/
Updated: 12th April, 2021

1.73 seconds
First Contentful Paint (FCP)
38%
53%
9%

0.00 seconds
First Input Delay (FID)
97%
2%
1%

Simulate loading on desktop
72

Performance

Indicates how well the page is performing and highlights opportunities where performance may be improved for simplypsychology.org. This includes details about optimizing page load times which can result in a better user experience.

Metrics

Cumulative Layout Shift — 0
Cumulative Layout Shift is the measurement of visible elements collective movement within the viewport.
View Data

Other

Max Potential First Input Delay — 110 ms
Users could experience a delay when interacting with the page.
Estimated Input Latency — 40 ms
The time taken for the page to respond to user input (during the busiest 5 second window of page load). Users are likely to perceive simplypsychology.org as laggy when the latency is higher than 0.05 seconds.
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h2
7123.3690000372
7409.7250000341
905
0
200
text/plain
XHR
https://www.simplypsychology.org/detroitchicago/greenoaks.gif?orig=0&ds=W3sidHlwZSI6InBhZ2V2aWV3IiwicGFnZXZpZXdfaWQiOiI1NDA5MWI2Ni05ZTI2LTRlZmMtNGJlZS01YzU4M2ZjNWQwYTYiLCJkb21haW5faWQiOiIyMjkyIiwidF9lcG9jaCI6MTYxODI1OTQ5NCwiZGF0YSI6W3sibmFtZSI6ImZpcnN0X3BhaW50IiwidmFsIjoiMTM4NiJ9XX0seyJ0eXBlIjoicGFnZXZpZXciLCJwYWdldmlld19pZCI6IjU0MDkxYjY2LTllMjYtNGVmYy00YmVlLTVjNTgzZmM1ZDBhNiIsImRvbWFpbl9pZCI6IjIyOTIiLCJ0X2Vwb2NoIjoxNjE4MjU5NDk0LCJkYXRhIjpbeyJuYW1lIjoiZmlyc3RfY29udGVudGZ1bF9wYWludCIsInZhbCI6IjEzODYifV19XQ==
h2
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text/plain
XHR
https://www.simplypsychology.org/detroitchicago/greenoaks.gif?orig=0&ds=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
h2
7125.6949999952
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text/plain
XHR
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/iu3?cm3ppd=1&d=dtb-pub&csif=t&dl=n-index_pm-db5_rbd_ppt_rx_ox-db5_dm_cnv_n-amobee_sovrn&dcc=t
http/1.1
7213.8510000077
7310.186000017
952
271
200
text/html
Document
https://secure.quantserve.com/quant.js
h2
7214.1150000389
7233.8360000285
9030
23881
200
application/javascript
Script
https://cse.google.com/adsense/search/async-ads.js
h2
7326.5119999996
7417.5019999966
64071
183028
200
text/javascript
Script
https://www.google.com/cse/static/css/v2/clear.png
h2
7424.4260000414
7513.4660000331
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1018
200
image/png
Image
https://www.google.com/cse/static/images/1x/en/branding.png
h2
7520.9710000199
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image/png
Image
https://www.googleapis.com/generate_204
h2
7526.9010000047
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229
0
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text/plain
Image
https://clients1.google.com/generate_204
h2
7616.5069999988
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229
0
204
text/plain
Image
https://rules.quantcount.com/rules-p-31iz6hfFutd16.js
h2
7721.5940000024
7795.7370000076
479
3
200
application/x-javascript
Script
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/v3/pr?exlist=n-index_pm-db5_rbd_ppt_rx_ox-db5_dm_cnv_n-amobee_sovrn&fv=1.0&a=cm&cm3ppd=1
http/1.1
7821.6959999991
7988.3450000198
1140
2342
200
text/html
Document
https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel;r=2006807084;labels=Domain.simplypsychology_org%2CDomainId.2292;rf=0;a=p-31iz6hfFutd16;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.simplypsychology.org%2F%23gsc.tab%3D0;uht=2;fpan=1;fpa=P0-1284178011-1618259502022;ns=0;ce=1;qjs=1;qv=e576aef5-20210317211205;cm=;gdpr=0;ref=;d=simplypsychology.org;je=0;sr=800x600x24;dst=1;et=1618259502022;tzo=420;ogl=title.Simply%20Psychology%2Curl.https%3A%2F%2Fwww%252Esimplypsychology%252Eorg%2Cimage.https%3A%2F%2Fwww%252Esimplypsychology%252Eorg%2FSIMPLY-PSYCHOLOGY-FINAL-LOGO%252Ejpg%2Cdescription.Psychology%20articles%252C%20student%20resources%20and%20psychology%20videos%252E%20Psychology%20made%20si%2Csite_name.Simply%20Psychology
h2
7806.5630000201
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35
200
image/gif
Image
https://sync.1rx.io/usersync2/rmpssp?sub=amazon&redir=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fid%3D%5BRX_UUID%5D%26ex%3Drhythmone.com
http/1.1
8081.9720000145
8202.4220000021
366
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text/html
https://ssum-sec.casalemedia.com/usermatch?s=192259&cb=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fex%3Dindex.com%26id%3D%24UID
http/1.1
8111.7960000411
8514.2990000313
703
0
302
text/html
https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/user_sync.html?p=156011&s=165626&predirect=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fid%3DPM_UID%26ex%3Dpubmatic.com&userIdMacro=PM_UID
http/1.1
8187.2430000221
8308.8910000515
3388
8056
200
text/html
Document
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.html?p=a9us&endpoint=us-east
http/1.1
8195.4039999982
8290.57500005
554
281
200
text/html
Document
https://bh.contextweb.com/visitormatch?p=547259,530912,534301,548607,543793,561117&rurl=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fid%3D%25%25VGUID%25%25%26ex%3DPulsepoint
h2
8196.9760000356
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1668
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200
text/html
Document
https://u.openx.net/w/1.0/cm?id=e818ca1e-0c23-caa8-0dd3-096b0ada08b7&ph=2d1251ae-7f3a-47cf-bd2a-2f288854a0ba&plm=5&r=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fex%3Dopenx.com%26id%3D%7BOPENX_ID%7D
http/1.1
8197.9140000185
8298.0860000243
540
0
302
https://ib.adnxs.com/getuid?https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/ecm3?id=$UID&ex=districtm
http/1.1
8198.1900000246
8309.3850000296
690
43
200
image/gif
Document
https://amazon-tam-match.dotomi.com/match/bounce/current?networkId=31082&version=1&rurl=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fex%3Dcnv.com%26id%3D
http/1.1
8199.1580000031
8317.2680000425
586
0
302
https://ad.turn.com/r/cs?pid=64&redir=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fex%3Damobee.com%26id%3D%23USER_ID%23
http/1.1
8199.4230000419
8305.9470000444
511
0
302
https://ap.lijit.com/beacon/amazon?url=https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/ecm3?id=$UID&ex=sovrn.com
http/1.1
8199.6780000045
8408.9200000162
588
0
302
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/ecm3?id=OPTOUT&ex=rhythmone.com
http/1.1
8207.6420000521
8291.3960000151
344
43
200
image/gif
Image
https://u.openx.net/w/1.0/cm?cc=1&id=e818ca1e-0c23-caa8-0dd3-096b0ada08b7&ph=2d1251ae-7f3a-47cf-bd2a-2f288854a0ba&plm=5&r=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fex%3Dopenx.com%26id%3D%7BOPENX_ID%7D
h2
8318.1670000195
8395.0620000251
365
167
200
text/html
Document
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/ecm3?ex=amobee.com&id=7308763573499039525
http/1.1
8382.5200000429
8493.1579999975
344
43
200
image/gif
Document
https://amazon-tam-match.dotomi.com/match/bounce/current?DotomiTest=6e93eaffffd91250&is_secure=true&networkId=31082&version=1&rurl=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fex%3Dcnv.com%26id%3D
http/1.1
8393.2970000315
8496.5190000366
413
0
302
https://ap.lijit.com/beacon/amazon?url=https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/ecm3?id=$UID&ex=sovrn.com&dnr=1
http/1.1
8492.7600000519
8688.3010000456
702
0
200
text/html
Document
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/ecm3?ex=cnv.com&id=AAAGZGarGMsgFQNkW_TLAAAAAAA&expiration=1618345902&is_secure=true
http/1.1
8523.1680000434
8688.4370000334
332
0
200
image/gif
Document
https://ssum-sec.casalemedia.com/usermatch?cb=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fex%3Dindex.com%26id%3D%24UID&s=192259&C=1
8514.2990000313
0
0
-1
Document
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
http/1.1
8611.0100000515
8710.652000038
511
32041
200
text/html
Script
https://cm.g.doubleclick.net/pixel?google_nid=contextweb&google_cm&google_sc&google_hm=YXp2djktd01HMG5tYVBSVVdoY0ZqZw&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=
http/1.1
8623.814999999
8696.2080000085
834
0
302
text/html
https://pulsepoint-match.dotomi.com/match/bounce/current?networkId=14200&version=1&nuid=
8619.4000000251
0
0
-1
Image
https://pixel-sync.sitescout.com/dmp/pixelSync?nid=95&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=
8619.6150000324
0
0
-1
Image
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/ecm3?id=9Y0GChHy7LkT&ex=Pulsepoint
8619.7150000371
0
0
-1
Image
https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/showad.js
8631.182000041
0
0
-1
Document
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/ecm3?ex=openx.com&id=ab4cfdd0-c2bc-c7bc-35a5-8e094274c24c
8630.8040000149
0
0
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Image
https://bh.contextweb.com/bh/rtset?do=add&pid=547259&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=&ev=CAESEBwlXts-s5KyRG-ms2UzbFY&google_cver=1
8696.2080000085
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Image
Network Round Trip Times — 0 ms
High Network RTT (Round Trip Times) can have a large impact on performance. Providing servers geographically closer to the user could improve performance.
Server Backend Latencies — 0 ms
High server latencies indicate the server is overloaded or has a poor backend performance.
Tasks
Below is a list of the top-level main thread tasks that executed during page load.
Start Time (Ms) End Time (Ms)
487.859
9.115
504.16
78.678
594.569
6.333
601.135
82.884
785.436
6.447
990.381
24.452
1185.707
5.441
1289.26
23.266
1312.544
79.903
1392.859
17.819
1410.723
76.018
1492.928
5.576
1508.885
83.641
1602.787
97.669
1706.933
207.962
1918.922
163.146
2086.58
16.749
2116.274
70.547
2191.08
6.965
2202.23
10.876
2213.506
69.656
2314.371
68.007
2382.398
7.414
2413.124
69.909
2483.052
100.738
2583.817
7.358
2591.195
7.843
2600.345
209.096
2817.715
65.213
2890.954
6.391
2907.023
78.245
3003.319
185.133
3188.493
5.957
3196.467
7.296
3206.236
77.991
3287.117
22.89
3310.027
77.983
3393.223
6.527
3411.606
81.604
3501.48
99.107
3613.753
74.714
3698.247
21.514
3723.6
58.735
3783.373
11.594
3796.38
11.579
3808.783
73.363
3882.52
8.791
3895.015
11.325
3911.639
9.381
3922.024
60.424
3983.39
13.196
3997.871
10.362
4009.45
14.449
4024.827
57.562
4083.366
12.208
4096.817
20.227
4126.581
56.827
4192.256
9.19
4275.589
6.427
4606.97
10.364
4799.06
13.89
4947.201
34.977
5059.149
23.01
5149.878
36.106
5675.157
6.77
6315.074
10.506
6347.159
34.852
Diagnostics
Below is a collection of useful page vitals.
View Data
Metrics
Below is a collection of metrics.
View Data

Opportunities

Properly size images
Images can slow down the page's load time. Simplypsychology.org should consider serving more appropriate-sized images.
Defer offscreen images
Time to Interactive can be slowed down by resources on the page. Simplypsychology.org should consider lazy-loading offscreen and hidden images.
Minify CSS — Potential savings of 3 KiB
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) files can contribute to network payload sizes. Simplypsychology.org should consider minifying CSS files.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://www.google.com/cse/static/element/323d4b81541ddb5b/default+en.css
9628
2933
Minify JavaScript — Potential savings of 4 KiB
JavaScript (JS) files can contribute to network payload sizes and increase script parse times. Simplypsychology.org should consider minifying JS files.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://www.simplypsychology.org/porpoiseant/jellyfish.webp?a=a&cb=194-35&shcb=34
12243
3823
Remove unused CSS — Potential savings of 67 KiB
Dead and/or unused rules in Style Sheets (CSS) can contribute to network payload sizes. Simplypsychology.org should consider removing dead rules from style sheets and deferring the loading of CSS not used for above-the-fold content.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css
54378
51146
https://www.simplypsychology.org/css/bootstrap.min.css?ez_used_css=5
19054
17517
Efficiently encode images
Unoptimized images can consume more cellular data than what is necessary.
Serve images in next-gen formats
Image formats like PNG and JPEG have poor compression when compared to other next-gen formats, such as JPEG 200, JPEG XR and WebP.
Enable text compression
Text-based resources should be served with compression, such as gzip, deflate or brotli.
Preconnect to required origins
Resource hints, such as 'preconnect' or 'dns-prefetch', may assist in establishing early connections to important third-party origins.
Initial server response time was short — Root document took 300 ms
It is advised to keep the server response time short for the main document, because all other requests depend on it.
URL Time Spent (Ms)
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
301.055
Avoid multiple page redirects — Potential savings of 190 ms
Redirects can cause additional delays before the page can begin loading. Simplypsychology.org should avoid multiple or unnecessary page redirects.
URL Time Spent (Ms)
http://simplypsychology.org/
190
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
0
Preload key requests
Key requests can be preloaded by using '<link rel=preload>'. Simplypsychology.org should consider using '<link rel=preload>' to prioritize fetching resources that are currently requested later in page load.
Use video formats for animated content
Large GIFs are inefficient for delivering animated content. It is recommended to use MPEG4/WebM videos for animations and PNG/WebP for static images instead of GIF.
Remove duplicate modules in JavaScript bundles
Ensure that no duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles exist to reduce bytes consumed by network activity.
Avoid serving legacy JavaScript to modern browsers — Potential savings of 29 KiB
Polyfills and transforms enable legacy browsers to use new JavaScript features. For bundled JavaScript it is recommended to adopt a modern script deployment strategy using module/nomodule feature detection. This will reduce the amount of code shipped to modern browsers.
URL Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://go.ezodn.com/hb/dall.js?b=amx,appnexus,districtm,ix,onemobile,rhythmone,rubicon,sovrn,teads,triplelift,unruly&cb=194-35-11
10630
https://www.simplypsychology.org/detroitchicago/edmonton.webp?a=a&cb=194-35&shcb=34
8000
https://www.simplypsychology.org/porpoiseant/banger.js?cb=194-35&bv=17&v=47&PageSpeed=off
5488
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
5243
Preload Largest Contentful Paint image
It is recommended to preload images used by LCP elements, to improve LCP time.

Diagnostics

Avoids enormous network payloads — Total size was 923 KiB
Large network payloads can cost users money and are linked to long load times.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes)
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2021040804.js
107108
https://www.google.com/cse/static/element/323d4b81541ddb5b/cse_element__en.js?usqp=CAI%3D
92817
https://go.ezodn.com/hb/dall.js?b=amx,appnexus,districtm,ix,onemobile,rhythmone,rubicon,sovrn,teads,triplelift,unruly&cb=194-35-11
74276
https://cse.google.com/adsense/search/async-ads.js
64071
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012103020108001/amp4ads-v0.mjs
56431
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
31984
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js
30147
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
29177
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012103020108001/v0/amp-analytics-0.1.mjs
28592
https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css
22341
Avoids an excessive DOM size — 414 elements
A large DOM (Document Object Model) will increase memory usage, cause longer system calculations as well as costly layout reflows.
Statistic Element Value
Total DOM Elements
414
Maximum DOM Depth
×
25
Maximum Child Elements
39
Avoid chaining critical requests — 3 chains found
Below is a list of Critical Request Chains, which shows which resources are loaded with a high priority. Simplypsychology.org should consider reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.
User Timing marks and measures — 17 user timings
Make use of the User Timing API to measure an app's real-world performance during key user experiences.
Name Type Start Time (Ms) Duration (Ms)
lteu
Measure
985.905
0.295
ltpq
Measure
986.34
0.04
loadStarteventUtils
Mark
985.95
loadEndeventUtils
Mark
986.212
loadStartpixelQueue
Mark
986.346
loadEndpixelQueue
Mark
986.387
gpt-tag-load
Mark
1695.12
gpt-first-ad-request
Mark
1812.305
gpt-first-ad-render
Mark
2493.983
is
Mark
2986.705
dr
Mark
2988.472
ol
Mark
2988.594
visible
Mark
3002.43
ofv
Mark
3002.494
mbv
Mark
3086.105
e_is
Mark
3086.418
pc
Mark
3214.519
Keep request counts low and transfer sizes small — 132 requests • 925 KiB
It is advised to add a budgets.json file in order to set budgets for the quantity and size of page resources.
Resource Type Requests Transfer Size (Bytes)
Total
132
946756
Script
45
640150
Image
27
98812
Other
37
64580
Stylesheet
6
55812
Document
14
44931
Font
3
42471
Media
0
0
Third-party
85
719835
Lazy load third-party resources with facades
Consider replacing third-party embeds with a facade until they are required (use lazy loading).
Largest Contentful Paint element — 1 element found
The element which was identified as the Largest Contentful Paint.
Element
...
Avoid large layout shifts
Below is a list of all DOM elements that contribute to the CLS of the page.
Uses passive listeners to improve scrolling performance
Improve the page's scroll performance by marking touch and wheel event listeners as 'passive'.
Avoid long main-thread tasks — 20 long tasks found
Below is a list of the longest tasks on the main thread, which is useful when identifying the worst input delay contributors.
URL Start Time (Ms) Duration (Ms)
Unattributable
190
163
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2021040804.js
1516
105
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2021040804.js
1397
104
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012103020108001/amp4ads-v0.mjs
2308
93
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js
850
83
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012103020108001/amp4ads-v0.mjs
2544
82
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
460
79
https://www.simplypsychology.org/porpoiseant/banger.js?cb=194-35&bv=17&v=47&PageSpeed=off
1679
78
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012103020108001/amp4ads-v0.mjs
2401
78
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/sodar/sodar2/222/runner.html
2235
73
https://www.simplypsychology.org/porpoiseant/jellyfish.webp?a=a&cb=194-35&shcb=34
1326
71
https://www.simplypsychology.org/tardisrocinante/lazy_load.js?gcb=35&cb=3
1111
70
https://www.simplypsychology.org/tardisrocinante/lazy_load.js?gcb=35&cb=3
1256
70
https://www.simplypsychology.org/tardisrocinante/lazy_load.js?gcb=35&cb=3
1188
68
Unattributable
353
65
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/sodar/sodar2/222/runner.html
2724
60
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/sodar/sodar2/222/runner.html
2130
59
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/sodar/sodar2/222/runner.html
2821
58
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/sodar/sodar2/222/runner.html
2911
57
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2021040804.js
1621
50
Avoid non-composited animations
It is recommended to avoid non-composited animations which are often janky and increase CLS.

Budgets

Performance budget
It is advised to keep the quantity and size of all network requests under the targets set by the provided performance budget.
Timing budget
It is advised to set a timing budget to monitor the performance of your site.

Metrics

Speed Index — 2.2 s
The time taken for the page contents to be visibly populated.
Largest Contentful Paint — 1.8 s
The timing of the largest text or image that is painted.
Time to Interactive — 2.9 s
The time taken for the page to become fully interactive.
Total Blocking Time — 180 ms
The total blocking time is the sum of all time periods between First Contentful Paint and Time to Interactive (when task length exceeded 50ms).

Other

First CPU Idle — 2.8 s
The time taken for the page's main thread to be quiet enough to handle input.

Opportunities

Eliminate render-blocking resources — Potential savings of 720 ms
Resources, such as JavaScript and style sheets, can block the first paint of the page. Simplypsychology.org should consider delivering critical JavaScript/style sheets (JS/CSS) inline and deferring all non-critical JS/CSS.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Ms)
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js
30147
350
Remove unused JavaScript — Potential savings of 220 KiB
It is advised to remove unused JavaScript in order to reduce bytes consumed by network activity.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://cse.google.com/adsense/search/async-ads.js
64071
54333
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2021040804.js
107108
50383
https://www.google.com/cse/static/element/323d4b81541ddb5b/cse_element__en.js?usqp=CAI%3D
92817
43681
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012103020108001/amp4ads-v0.mjs
56431
31107
https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/showad.js
39038
24621
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js
30147
21168

Diagnostics

Serve static assets with an efficient cache policy — 10 resources found
Simplypsychology.org can speed up repeat visits by increasing the cache lifetime, which is essentially how long before a cached copy expires.
URL Cache TTL (Ms) Transfer Size (Bytes)
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
900000
31984
https://www.google.com/cse/static/style/look/v4/default.css
3000000
1934
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
29133000
511
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/images/adchoices/en.png
86400000
3171
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/images/adchoices/icon.png
86400000
961
https://rules.quantcount.com/rules-p-31iz6hfFutd16.js
86400000
479
https://www.simplypsychology.org/css/bootstrap.min.css?ez_used_css=5
604800000
19054
https://go.ezoic.net/utilcave_com/img/ezoic.png
604800000
1789
https://www.simplypsychology.org/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2
5184000000
19263
https://www.simplypsychology.org/ezossp/https/cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=014274655466692637737%3Avcjpk7c9ipq&screx=1&sxcb=19a
5184000000
5009
Reduce JavaScript execution time — 1.6 s
JavaScript (JS) execution time can be lowered by reducing the time required for parsing, compiling and executing JS. Delivering smaller JS payloads may help with this.
URL Total CPU Time (Ms) Script Evaluation (Ms) Script Parse (Ms)
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012103020108001/amp4ads-v0.mjs
676.807
451.471
5.009
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2021040804.js
658.364
271.165
76.456
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
657.111
55.636
11.475
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/sodar/sodar2/222/runner.html
464.599
384.689
1.939
Unattributable
334.511
1.441
0.157
https://www.simplypsychology.org/tardisrocinante/lazy_load.js?gcb=35&cb=3
182.728
164.324
1.28
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js
87.191
82.61
2.028
https://www.simplypsychology.org/porpoiseant/jellyfish.webp?a=a&cb=194-35&shcb=34
84.565
11.466
1.445
https://www.simplypsychology.org/porpoiseant/banger.js?cb=194-35&bv=17&v=47&PageSpeed=off
53.974
43.852
0.966
Minimize main-thread work — 3.4 s
Main-thread work timing can be lowered by reducing the time required for parsing, compiling and executing JS. Delivering smaller JS payloads may help with this.
Category Time Spent (Ms)
Script Evaluation
1578.038
Other
673.473
Style & Layout
394.84
Parse HTML & CSS
316.176
Rendering
181.965
Script Parsing & Compilation
123.668
Garbage Collection
83.392

Metrics

First Contentful Paint — 1.6 s
The time taken for the first image or text on the page to be rendered.

Other

First Meaningful Paint — 1.6 s
The time taken for the primary content of the page to be rendered.

Diagnostics

Ensure text remains visible during webfont load
Make use of the font-display CSS feature, which will ensure text is user-visible while webfonts are loading.
URL Potential Savings (Ms)
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v27/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4mxKKTU1Kg.woff2
3.3009999897331
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v27/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmWUlfBBc4AMP6lQ.woff2
3.3699999912642
Reduce the impact of third-party code — Third-party code blocked the main thread for 370 ms
It is advised to either limit, remove or delay the loading of redundant third-party code which may be significantly impacting load performance.
Third-Party Transfer Size (Bytes) Main-Thread Blocking Time (Ms)
189917
218.958
116138
123.264
30147
28.601
172824
0
44682
0
39710
0
26063
0
10012
0
4023
0
3388
0
1668
0
1290
0
1065
0
999
0
905
0
703
0
690
0
511
0
366
0
0
0
Avoid `document.write()`
Avoid or limit the use of external scripts that are dynamically injected via 'document.write()' as users on slow connections will be delayed by tens of seconds.
Source
Image elements do not have explicit `width` and `height`
Reduce layout shifts and improve CLS by setting explicit width and height properties on image elements.
URL Failing Elements
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Simply-Psychology-Logo(2).png?ezimgfmt=rs:766x99/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
https://www.simplypsychology.org/statistics2.jpg?ezimgfmt=rs:346x265/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
...
https://www.simplypsychology.org/science-lab2.jpg?ezimgfmt=rs:346x265/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
...
https://www.simplypsychology.org/approaches3.jpg?ezimgfmt=rs:346x265/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
img
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Freud-Therapy.jpg?ezimgfmt=rs:348x265/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
...
https://www.simplypsychology.org/aqa-logo2.jpg?ezimgfmt=rs:346x265/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
...
https://www.simplypsychology.org/academic-writing.jpg?ezimgfmt=rs:346x265/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
...
73

Accessibility

Indicates how accessible the page is and highlights opportunities where the page can be made more accessible to users of simplypsychology.org. This includes details about various page attributes that can be optimized.

Navigation

`[accesskey]` values are unique
Access keys assist users with focusing on different parts of the page. Each access key should be unique for proper navigation.
The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
It is advised to provide ways to bypass repetitive content, allowing users to navigate the page efficiently.
`[id]` attributes on active, focusable elements are unique
Ensure all focusable elements have a unique id value to allow them to be visible to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
Although technically valid, a tabindex value greater than 0 often creates frustrating experiences for users who rely on assistive technologies.

ARIA

`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
Avoid mismatching 'aria-*' attributes and their 'role' value, as it invalidates the attribute.
`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
If aria-hidden=true is set on the document body, assistive technologies, like a screen reader will work inconsistently.
`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
Interactive elements within an aria-hidden=true element are unavailable to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
ARIA input fields have accessible names
Generic names are announced to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader, when an input field does not have an accessible name specified.
ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
Some ARIA roles have required 'aria-*' attributes, which provide essential information about state and functionality.
Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
Some ARIA parent roles cannot perform their intended functions if specific child roles are not used.
`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
Some ARIA child roles cannot perform their intended functions if specific parent roles are not used.
`[role]` values are valid
All ARIA roles require valid values to perform their intended functions.
ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
Generic names are announced to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader, when a toggle field does not have an accessible name specified.
ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
ARIA attributes cannot be interpreted with invalid values when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
ARIA attributes cannot be interpreted with invalid names when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
ARIA IDs are unique
Ensure all ARIA ID values are unique to prevent elements from being overlooked by assistive technologies, like a screen reader.

Tables and lists

`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies may produce poor and inaccurate output when definition lists are not properly marked up.
Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
In order for screen readers and other assistive technologies to properly announce definition list items ('<dt>' and '<dd>'), they must be wrapped in parent a '<dl>' element.
List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>` or `<ol>` parent elements
In order for screen readers to announce list items, ensure that list items ('<li>') are contained within parent '<ul>' or '<ol>' tags.
Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies have features to make navigating tables easier. Ensure that '<td>' cells using the headers attribute only refer to other cells in the same table, to improve screen reader user experience.
`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies have features to make navigating tables easier. Ensure that table headers refer to some set of cells, to improve screen reader user experience.

Names and labels

Document has a `<title>` element
Search engines, screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on the title to provide an overview of the page and to help determine if the page is relevant to their search.
No form fields have multiple labels
Having multiple labels for form fields can be confusing to assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
Screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on frame titles to describe the contents of frames.
`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
Input buttons with alternative text assist screen readers and other assistive technology users to understand its purpose.
Form elements have associated labels
Screen readers and other assistive technologies rely on labels to properly announce form controls.
`<object>` elements have `[alt]` text
It is advised that alt text is used on '<object>' elements in order to provide meaning to screen reader and other assistive technology users, as these technologies are unable to translate non-text content.

Internationalization and localization

`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
Specify a valid BCP 47 language in order to help screen readers and other assistive technologies announce text properly.
`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
Specify a valid BCP 47 language on elements in order to help screen readers and other assistive technologies announce text properly.

Best practices

The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
Pages that refresh automatically cause a poor user experience as focus is directed back to the top of the page unexpectedly.
`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
For users with low vision who rely on screen magnification, ensure that zooming is not disabled.

Audio and video

`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
Simplypsychology.org may provide assistance to deaf or hearing-impaired users with captions on videos.

Names and labels

Buttons do not have an accessible name
Buttons become unusable as they are announced simply as "button" when the button does not have an accessible name, when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
Failing Elements
Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes
Provide short and descriptive alternative text where possible on informative elements.
Failing Elements
img
Links do not have a discernible name
In order to improve the navigation for screen reader and other assistive technology users, use link text that is unique, focusable and discernible.

Contrast

Navigation

Heading elements are not in a sequentially-descending order
Properly order all headers and do not skip heading levels to better the navigation and readability for users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
Failing Elements

Internationalization and localization

`<html>` element does not have a `[lang]` attribute
It is advised to provide a lang attribute so that screen readers and other assistive technologies are guaranteed to announce the page's text correctly. When not provided, the user's default language setting will be used which may cause inaccuracies.
Failing Elements

Tables and lists

Manual Checks

The page has a logical tab order
The visual layout should be logical in its tab order and users cannot focus elements that are offscreen.
Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
Ensure that custom interactive controls are keyboard focusable and that a focus indicator is displayed.
Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
Ensure that interactive elements (such as links and buttons) are distinguishable from non-interactive elements and that they indicate their state.
The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
When new content (such as a dialogue) is added to the page, the user's focus should be directed to it.
User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
Avoid focus being accidentally trapped when a user tabs in and out of controls or regions on page.
Custom controls have associated labels
Ensure that custom interactive controls have associated labels, which are provided by aria-label and aria-labelledby attributes.
Custom controls have ARIA roles
Ensure that all custom interactive controls have appropriate ARIA roles.
Visual order on the page follows DOM order
Ensure that the DOM order matches with the page's visual order, in order to improve navigation for screen readers and other assistive technologies.
Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
Ensure that offscreen content is hidden through the use of "display:none" styling or the aria-hidden attribute.
HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
Elements such as <main> and <nav> are recommended as they are used by screen readers and other assistive technologies to improve keyboard navigation.
80

Best Practices

Indicates the recommended, best practices currently in place on the page and highlights the best practices that simplypsychology.org should incorporate. This includes practices such as protecting pages with HTTPS.

Audits

Links to cross-origin destinations are safe
Improve performance and prevent security vulnerabilities by adding rel="noopener" and rel="noreferrer" to external links.
Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
When requesting a user's location, provide context or consider tying the request to a user action to avoid confusion and mistrust from users.
Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
When requesting permission to send notifications, provide context or consider tying the request to a user action to avoid confusion and mistrust from users.
Avoids front-end JavaScript libraries with known security vulnerabilities
Ensure that the use of third-party scripts is minimal and that only trusted third-party scripts are used as some may contain known security vulnerabilities which may be exploited by attackers.

Audits

Allows users to paste into password fields
Ensure that password inputs may be pasted into to aid in the user's ability to use password managers and improve security.
Displays images with correct aspect ratio
Ensure that image display dimensions match their natural aspect ratio.
Serves images with appropriate resolution
For maximum image clarity, ensure images have natural dimensions and are proportional to the display size and pixel ratio.
Fonts with `font-display: optional` are preloaded
It is recommended that optional fonts are preloaded.

Audits

Page has the HTML doctype
Ensure a doctype is specified to prevent the browser from switching to quirks-mode.

Audits

Avoids Application Cache
Application cache is deprecated and is no longer recommended.
Detected JavaScript libraries
Below is a list of all front-end JavaScript libraries that were detected on the page.
Name Version
core-js
core-js-pure@3.6.4
Avoids deprecated APIs
Avoid deprecated APIs which will eventually be removed the browser.
No browser errors logged to the console
Below is a list of all errors logged to the console, which indicate unresolved problems on the site.
Page has valid source maps
Consider deploying source maps for added benefits such as the ability to debug while in production.
URL Map URL
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js.map
No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools
There may be unresolved issues logged to Chrome Devtools.

Audits

Does not use HTTPS — 1 insecure request found
Ensure that all pages are protected with HTTPS (including those that do not handle sensitive data) as HTTPS prevents tampering and passive listening on communications between the app and its users. Additionally, HTTPS is a prerequisite for HTTP/2 and many new web platform APIs.
Insecure URL Request Resolution
http://simplypsychology.org/
Allowed

Audits

Charset declaration is missing or occurs too late in the HTML
It is advised to declare a character encoding, optionally via a <meta> tag in the first 1024 bytes of the HTML or in the Content-Type HTTP response header.

Audits

Registers an `unload` listener
The 'unload' event does not fire reliably, causing issues with browser optimizations such as the Back-Forward Cache. It is recommended that 'pagehide' or 'visibilitychange' events are used instead.
Source
92

SEO

Indicates how well the page is optimized for ranking in search engines and highlights Search Engine Optimization (SEO) opportunities for simplypsychology.org. This includes optimizations such as providing meta data.

Mobile Friendly

Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`
It is advised to use a '<meta name="viewport">' tag for the optimization of simplypsychology.org on mobile screens.
Document uses legible font sizes
Font sizes of 12px or less are too small to most mobile users without user gestures and further action. Aim for more than 60% of page text to use font sizes greater than 12px.
Tap targets are sized appropriately
Interactive elements (such as buttons and links) should be appropriately spaced, sized and easy enough to select or tap with regard to their surrounding elements.

Content Best Practices

Document has a `<title>` element
Search engines, screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on the title to provide an overview of the page and to help determine if the page is relevant to their search.
Document has a meta description
Meta descriptions may be used by search engines when displaying a link to the page and should concisely summarize the page's content.
Links have descriptive text
Make use of descriptive link text to assist search engines in understanding the content.
Document has a valid `hreflang`
Search engines can be instructed to list specific versions of a page for a given language or region through the use of hreflang links.
Document has a valid `rel=canonical`
Search engines can be suggested which URL should be shown in search results through the use of canonical links.
Document avoids plugins
The content of plugins cannot be indexed by search engines and many devices either restrict or do not support them.

Crawling and Indexing

Page has successful HTTP status code
Avoid pages with unsuccessful HTTP status codes as they may not be indexed by search engines.
Links are crawlable
Ensure that the 'href' attribute of anchor elements links to the appropriate destination. This allows for more pages of the site to be discovered by search engines.
Page isn’t blocked from indexing
Pages that cannot be crawled by search engines cannot be indexed or included in their search results. Ensure that search engines have permission to crawl all pages that should be indexed.
robots.txt is valid
Malformed robots.txt files prevent crawlers from understanding how a site wants to be crawled or indexed, which can be devastating to SEO.

Content Best Practices

Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes
Provide short and descriptive alternative text where possible on informative elements.
Failing Elements
img

Manual Checks

Structured data is valid
Structured data can be validated through the use of the Structured Data Testing Tool and the Structured Data Linter.
36

Progressive Web App

Indicates how valid the aspects of a Progressive Web App (PWA) are for the page and highlights opportunities to enable/improve the PWA of simplypsychology.org. This includes details about web app manifests.

PWA Optimized

Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS
It is advised to redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS, in order to enable secure web features for all users.
Content is sized correctly for the viewport
Ensure that the width of the app's content matches the width of the viewport, otherwise the app might not be optimized for mobile screens.
Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`
It is advised to use a '<meta name="viewport">' tag for the optimization of simplypsychology.org on mobile screens.

Installable

Web app manifest or service worker do not meet the installability requirements — 1 reason
User engagement may be increased by leveraging the browsers ability to proactively prompt users to add the app to their homescreen.
Failure reason
No manifest was fetched

PWA Optimized

Does not register a service worker that controls page and `start_url`
A service worker is used to provide Progressive Web Apps the use of features such as working offline, the ability for the app to be added to the homescreen as well as push notifications.
Is not configured for a custom splash screen
Themed splash screens ensure a high-quality user experience at launch for app users.
View Data
Does not set a theme color for the address bar.
A theme may be applied to the browser address bar, which ideally can be made to match the site.
View Data
Does not provide a valid `apple-touch-icon`
iOS users of Progressive Web Apps will benefit from an apple touch icon, which can be defined with 'apple-touch-icon', which must point to a non-transparent 192px (or 180px) square PNG.
Manifest doesn't have a maskable icon
Maskable icons are great to ensure that images fill the entire shape when installing the app on a device.

Manual Checks

Site works cross-browser
Ensure that the Progressive Web App works correctly across every major browser.
Page transitions don't feel like they block on the network
Users perceive apps with responsive, snappy transitions as higher peforming and ensures a great user experience, even on a slow network.
Each page has a URL
Ensure that all pages are deep linkable via URL. They should also be unique for the purpose of shareability on social media.
Avg. (All Categories) 72
Performance 81
Accessibility 70
Best Practices 73
SEO 93
Progressive Web App 42
0–49 (Fail) 50–89 (Average) 90–100 (Pass)
URL: https://www.simplypsychology.org/
Updated: 12th April, 2021

2.47 seconds
First Contentful Paint (FCP)
15%
68%
17%

0.03 seconds
First Input Delay (FID)
89%
8%
3%

Simulate loading on mobile
81

Performance

Indicates how well the page is performing and highlights opportunities where performance may be improved for simplypsychology.org. This includes details about optimizing page load times which can result in a better user experience.

Metrics

Time to Interactive — 3.6 s
The time taken for the page to become fully interactive.
Total Blocking Time — 0 ms
The total blocking time is the sum of all time periods between First Contentful Paint and Time to Interactive (when task length exceeded 50ms).
Cumulative Layout Shift — 0
Cumulative Layout Shift is the measurement of visible elements collective movement within the viewport.
View Data

Other

First CPU Idle — 3.5 s
The time taken for the page's main thread to be quiet enough to handle input.
Max Potential First Input Delay — 50 ms
Users could experience a delay when interacting with the page.
Estimated Input Latency — 10 ms
The time taken for the page to respond to user input (during the busiest 5 second window of page load). Users are likely to perceive simplypsychology.org as laggy when the latency is higher than 0.05 seconds.
Network Requests
Below is a list of network requests that were made during page load.
URL Protocol Start Time (Ms) End Time (Ms) Transfer Size (Bytes) Resource Size (Bytes) Status Code MIME Type Resource Type
http://simplypsychology.org/
http/1.1
0
78.298999927938
590
0
302
text/html
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
h2
78.856999985874
298.506999854
28772
127377
200
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http/1.1
1905.228999909
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344
43
200
image/gif
Image
https://match.adsrvr.org/track/cmf/rubicon
http/1.1
1908.4640000947
1926.2120001949
825
0
302
text/html
https://token.rubiconproject.com/token?pid=25470
http/1.1
1908.9950001799
1994.1639997996
529
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302
https://cm.g.doubleclick.net/pixel?google_nid=rubicon&google_cm&google_sc
http/1.1
1909.6679999493
1917.5780001096
844
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text/html
https://sync.mathtag.com/sync/img?mt_exid=9&redir=https%3A%2F%2Fpixel.rubiconproject.com%2Ftap.php%3Fv%3D4222%26nid%3D1512%26put%3D%5BMM_UUID%5D
http/1.1
1910.0330001675
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497
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https://token.rubiconproject.com/token?pid=26594
http/1.1
1910.5119998567
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570
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https://sync-tm.everesttech.net/upi/pid/btu4jd3a?redir=https%3A%2F%2Fpixel.rubiconproject.com%2Ftap.php%3Fv%3D191940%26nid%3D3778%26put%3D%24%7BUSER_ID%7D
http/1.1
1910.9089998528
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428
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h2
1911.3039998338
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573
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200
image/gif
Image
https://token.rubiconproject.com/token?pid=2974&pt=n&a=1
http/1.1
1911.5120000206
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534
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https://pixel.rubiconproject.com/tap.php?v=7751&nid=2249&expires=30&put=CAESEA8KTb8x7vzqTIsJL22fUNk&google_cver=1
http/1.1
1917.8619999439
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https://pixel.rubiconproject.com/tap.php?v=191940&nid=3778&put=YHSuWQAAKkKnZwA0
http/1.1
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https://pixel.rubiconproject.com/tap.php?v=8981&nid=2307&put=f046bd44-b13a-4dd5-b313-cc902f959d6b&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=&expires=30
http/1.1
1926.4150001109
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https://pixel.rubiconproject.com/tap.php?v=4222&nid=1512&put=e8a46074-ae5a-4d00-a309-90fba6c9ea4d
http/1.1
1983.3240001462
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https://cm.g.doubleclick.net/pixel?google_nid=rp&google_hm=S05GMVk5RkYtTC1JUjY4
h2
1994.4939999841
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https://pr-bh.ybp.yahoo.com/sync/rubicon/8dJT2CRVRLLmA2JHKlFy_Q?csrc=
http/1.1
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https://pixel.rubiconproject.com/tap.php?v=31950&nid=2974&put=8190077625374840369
http/1.1
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https://sync.crwdcntrl.net/map/c=8587/tp=CLOD?https%3A%2F%2Fpixel.onaudience.com%2F%3Fpartner%3D104%26icm%26cver%26mapped%3D%24%7Bprofile_id%7D
http/1.1
2175.5369999446
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https://pixel.onaudience.com/?partner=104&icm&cver&mapped=9917f427022875ac69f54910b4156b79
http/1.1
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http/1.1
2542.6280000247
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http/1.1
2925.9230000898
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http/1.1
3039.532000199
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https://cm.g.doubleclick.net/pixel?google_nid=eye&google_cm&google_sc&google_hm=MjVvaGI1YUZPSmdJbzY3eU00RUpXZEduQ3I5MUxnQVAyRzJzNV8zNnllMlk&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=&uid=1&bid=gdo9o51&newuser=1&referrer_pid=3b2cb90
http/1.1
3112.6000001095
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http/1.1
3120.0270000845
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https://simage4.pubmatic.com/AdServer/SPug?partnerID=156011&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=&us_privacy=
http/1.1
3283.6020002142
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Script
Network Round Trip Times — 0 ms
High Network RTT (Round Trip Times) can have a large impact on performance. Providing servers geographically closer to the user could improve performance.
Server Backend Latencies — 0 ms
High server latencies indicate the server is overloaded or has a poor backend performance.
Tasks
Below is a list of the top-level main thread tasks that executed during page load.
Start Time (Ms) End Time (Ms)
332.333
8.828
348.28
13.798
362.197
6.351
377.886
12.816
406.173
5.331
433.523
6.723
544.417
26.595
629.754
8.951
638.726
12.083
669.755
6.3
692.529
21.353
719.806
6.186
734.315
5.328
908.688
6.774
993.858
7.993
1003.384
12.405
1040.205
6.704
1051.991
6.477
1064.194
7.278
1075.279
5.352
1122.223
6.668
1142.411
7.039
1190.494
6.193
1199.158
11.217
1249.218
8.192
1307.681
10.048
1317.924
6.592
1357.841
6.228
1402.459
6.97
1540.204
7.285
1548.256
7.497
1556.701
5.987
1732.621
7.643
1831.824
8.054
Diagnostics
Below is a collection of useful page vitals.
View Data
Metrics
Below is a collection of metrics.
View Data

Opportunities

Properly size images
Images can slow down the page's load time. Simplypsychology.org should consider serving more appropriate-sized images.
Defer offscreen images
Time to Interactive can be slowed down by resources on the page. Simplypsychology.org should consider lazy-loading offscreen and hidden images.
Minify CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) files can contribute to network payload sizes. Simplypsychology.org should consider minifying CSS files.
Minify JavaScript — Potential savings of 4 KiB
JavaScript (JS) files can contribute to network payload sizes and increase script parse times. Simplypsychology.org should consider minifying JS files.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://www.simplypsychology.org/porpoiseant/jellyfish.webp?a=a&cb=194-35&shcb=34
12237
3822
Remove unused JavaScript — Potential savings of 21 KiB
It is advised to remove unused JavaScript in order to reduce bytes consumed by network activity.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js
30147
21168
Efficiently encode images
Unoptimized images can consume more cellular data than what is necessary.
Serve images in next-gen formats
Image formats like PNG and JPEG have poor compression when compared to other next-gen formats, such as JPEG 200, JPEG XR and WebP.
Enable text compression
Text-based resources should be served with compression, such as gzip, deflate or brotli.
Preconnect to required origins
Resource hints, such as 'preconnect' or 'dns-prefetch', may assist in establishing early connections to important third-party origins.
Initial server response time was short — Root document took 220 ms
It is advised to keep the server response time short for the main document, because all other requests depend on it.
URL Time Spent (Ms)
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
220.647
Avoid multiple page redirects — Potential savings of 630 ms
Redirects can cause additional delays before the page can begin loading. Simplypsychology.org should avoid multiple or unnecessary page redirects.
URL Time Spent (Ms)
http://simplypsychology.org/
630
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
0
Preload key requests
Key requests can be preloaded by using '<link rel=preload>'. Simplypsychology.org should consider using '<link rel=preload>' to prioritize fetching resources that are currently requested later in page load.
Use video formats for animated content
Large GIFs are inefficient for delivering animated content. It is recommended to use MPEG4/WebM videos for animations and PNG/WebP for static images instead of GIF.
Remove duplicate modules in JavaScript bundles
Ensure that no duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles exist to reduce bytes consumed by network activity.
Avoid serving legacy JavaScript to modern browsers — Potential savings of 29 KiB
Polyfills and transforms enable legacy browsers to use new JavaScript features. For bundled JavaScript it is recommended to adopt a modern script deployment strategy using module/nomodule feature detection. This will reduce the amount of code shipped to modern browsers.
URL Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://go.ezodn.com/hb/dall.js?b=amx,appnexus,districtm,ix,medianet,onemobile,onetag,sovrn,teads&cb=194-35-11
10739
https://www.simplypsychology.org/detroitchicago/edmonton.webp?a=a&cb=194-35&shcb=34
7996
https://www.simplypsychology.org/porpoiseant/banger.js?cb=194-35&bv=17&v=47&PageSpeed=off
5484
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
5246
Preload Largest Contentful Paint image
It is recommended to preload images used by LCP elements, to improve LCP time.

Diagnostics

Avoids enormous network payloads — Total size was 467 KiB
Large network payloads can cost users money and are linked to long load times.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes)
https://go.ezodn.com/hb/dall.js?b=amx,appnexus,districtm,ix,medianet,onemobile,onetag,sovrn,teads&cb=194-35-11
69777
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
32003
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js
30147
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
28772
https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css
22341
https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css
22341
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js
21435
https://www.simplypsychology.org/css/bootstrap.min.css?ez_used_css=14
19056
https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/showad.js
14711
https://www.simplypsychology.org/porpoiseant/jellyfish.webp?a=a&cb=194-35&shcb=34
12237
Avoids an excessive DOM size — 416 elements
A large DOM (Document Object Model) will increase memory usage, cause longer system calculations as well as costly layout reflows.
Statistic Element Value
Total DOM Elements
416
Maximum DOM Depth
×
25
Maximum Child Elements
42
Avoid chaining critical requests — 3 chains found
Below is a list of Critical Request Chains, which shows which resources are loaded with a high priority. Simplypsychology.org should consider reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.
User Timing marks and measures — 6 user timings
Make use of the User Timing API to measure an app's real-world performance during key user experiences.
Name Type Start Time (Ms) Duration (Ms)
lteu
Measure
560.414
0.17
ltpq
Measure
560.679
0.035
loadStarteventUtils
Mark
560.444
loadEndeventUtils
Mark
560.592
loadStartpixelQueue
Mark
560.687
loadEndpixelQueue
Mark
560.714
JavaScript execution time — 0.7 s
JavaScript (JS) execution time can be lowered by reducing the time required for parsing, compiling and executing JS. Delivering smaller JS payloads may help with this.
URL Total CPU Time (Ms) Script Evaluation (Ms) Script Parse (Ms)
Unattributable
608.212
5.744
0.568
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
488.736
148.772
42.636
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
159.58
138.288
4.428
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
143.544
105.652
8.856
https://www.simplypsychology.org/tardisrocinante/lazy_load.js?gcb=35&cb=3
99.052
61.392
4.26
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/v3/pr?exlist=n-index_pm-db5_rbd_ppt_rx_ox-db5_dm_cnv_n-amobee_sovrn&fv=1.0&a=cm&cm3ppd=1
84.68
7.824
4.576
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js
65.984
48.004
8.292
https://www.simplypsychology.org/porpoiseant/jellyfish.webp?a=a&cb=194-35&shcb=34
61.292
46.552
4.976
https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/user_sync.html?p=156011&s=165626&predirect=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fid%3DPM_UID%26ex%3Dpubmatic.com&userIdMacro=PM_UID
53.208
16.064
7.896
All text remains visible during webfont loads
Make use of the font-display CSS feature, which will ensure text is user-visible while webfonts are loading.
Keep request counts low and transfer sizes small — 166 requests • 467 KiB
It is advised to add a budgets.json file in order to set budgets for the quantity and size of page resources.
Resource Type Requests Transfer Size (Bytes)
Total
166
477759
Script
29
236431
Image
49
80959
Other
71
60403
Document
15
58569
Stylesheet
2
41397
Media
0
0
Font
0
0
Third-party
135
323992
Minimize third-party usage — Third-party code blocked the main thread for 20 ms
It is advised to either limit, remove or delay the loading of redundant third-party code which may be significantly impacting load performance.
Third-Party Transfer Size (Bytes) Main-Thread Blocking Time (Ms)
42525
23.236
44682
0
32751
0
30147
0
30054
0
17011
0
10725
0
6085
0
4499
0
3833
0
3236
0
2835
0
2804
0
2790
0
2115
0
2025
0
1729
0
1720
0
1649
0
1379
0
1090
0
1005
0
907
0
896
0
687
0
573
0
366
0
Lazy load third-party resources with facades
Consider replacing third-party embeds with a facade until they are required (use lazy loading).
Largest Contentful Paint element — 1 element found
The element which was identified as the Largest Contentful Paint.
Element
img
Avoid large layout shifts
Below is a list of all DOM elements that contribute to the CLS of the page.
Uses passive listeners to improve scrolling performance
Improve the page's scroll performance by marking touch and wheel event listeners as 'passive'.
Avoid long main-thread tasks — 4 long tasks found
Below is a list of the longest tasks on the main thread, which is useful when identifying the worst input delay contributors.
URL Start Time (Ms) Duration (Ms)
https://www.simplypsychology.org/
1560
55
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
3445
53
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js
3540
51
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/v3/pr?exlist=n-index_pm-db5_rbd_ppt_rx_ox-db5_dm_cnv_n-amobee_sovrn&fv=1.0&a=cm&cm3ppd=1
4585
50
Avoid non-composited animations
It is recommended to avoid non-composited animations which are often janky and increase CLS.

Budgets

Performance budget
It is advised to keep the quantity and size of all network requests under the targets set by the provided performance budget.
Timing budget
It is advised to set a timing budget to monitor the performance of your site.

Metrics

First Contentful Paint — 3.5 s
The time taken for the first image or text on the page to be rendered.
Speed Index — 3.5 s
The time taken for the page contents to be visibly populated.
Largest Contentful Paint — 3.6 s
The timing of the largest text or image that is painted.

Other

First Meaningful Paint — 3.5 s
The time taken for the primary content of the page to be rendered.

Opportunities

Eliminate render-blocking resources — Potential savings of 300 ms
Resources, such as JavaScript and style sheets, can block the first paint of the page. Simplypsychology.org should consider delivering critical JavaScript/style sheets (JS/CSS) inline and deferring all non-critical JS/CSS.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Ms)
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js
30147
1530
Remove unused CSS — Potential savings of 69 KiB
Dead and/or unused rules in Style Sheets (CSS) can contribute to network payload sizes. Simplypsychology.org should consider removing dead rules from style sheets and deferring the loading of CSS not used for above-the-fold content.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css
54378
52398
https://www.simplypsychology.org/css/bootstrap.min.css?ez_used_css=14
19056
18375

Diagnostics

Serve static assets with an efficient cache policy — 7 resources found
Simplypsychology.org can speed up repeat visits by increasing the cache lifetime, which is essentially how long before a cached copy expires.
URL Cache TTL (Ms) Transfer Size (Bytes)
https://image6.pubmatic.com/AdServer/PugMaster?kdntuid=1&rnd=31073603&p=156011&s=165626&a=0&ptask=ALL&np=0&fp=0&mpc=0&spug=1&coppa=0&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=&us_privacy=&sec=1
0
3006
https://ps.eyeota.net/match?gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=&uid=1&bid=gdo9o51&newuser=1&referrer_pid=3b2cb90&google_gid=CAESEDc_e6_1yxDwxHjNElWfCV8&google_cver=1
0
440
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
900000
32003
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
73426000
9846
https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/user_sync.html?p=156578&predirect=
126846000
3388
https://www.simplypsychology.org/css/bootstrap.min.css?ez_used_css=14
604800000
19056
https://go.ezoic.net/utilcave_com/img/ezoic.png
604800000
1789
Minimize main-thread work — 2.4 s
Main-thread work timing can be lowered by reducing the time required for parsing, compiling and executing JS. Delivering smaller JS payloads may help with this.
Category Time Spent (Ms)
Other
978.77599999999
Script Evaluation
785.27599999999
Parse HTML & CSS
220.452
Script Parsing & Compilation
188.744
Style & Layout
142.916
Rendering
90.616
Garbage Collection
23.716

Diagnostics

Avoid `document.write()`
Avoid or limit the use of external scripts that are dynamically injected via 'document.write()' as users on slow connections will be delayed by tens of seconds.
Source
Image elements do not have explicit `width` and `height`
Reduce layout shifts and improve CLS by setting explicit width and height properties on image elements.
URL Failing Elements
https://www.simplypsychology.org/approaches3.jpg?ezimgfmt=rs:326x250/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
img
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Freud-Therapy.jpg?ezimgfmt=rs:328x250/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
...
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Simply-Psychology-Logo(2).png?ezimgfmt=rs:330x43/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24

Other

First Contentful Paint (3G) — 7290 ms
The time taken for the first image or text on the page to be rendered while on a 3G network.
70

Accessibility

Indicates how accessible the page is and highlights opportunities where the page can be made more accessible to users of simplypsychology.org. This includes details about various page attributes that can be optimized.

Navigation

`[accesskey]` values are unique
Access keys assist users with focusing on different parts of the page. Each access key should be unique for proper navigation.
The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
It is advised to provide ways to bypass repetitive content, allowing users to navigate the page efficiently.
`[id]` attributes on active, focusable elements are unique
Ensure all focusable elements have a unique id value to allow them to be visible to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
Although technically valid, a tabindex value greater than 0 often creates frustrating experiences for users who rely on assistive technologies.

ARIA

`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
Avoid mismatching 'aria-*' attributes and their 'role' value, as it invalidates the attribute.
`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
If aria-hidden=true is set on the document body, assistive technologies, like a screen reader will work inconsistently.
`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
Interactive elements within an aria-hidden=true element are unavailable to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
ARIA input fields have accessible names
Generic names are announced to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader, when an input field does not have an accessible name specified.
ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
Some ARIA roles have required 'aria-*' attributes, which provide essential information about state and functionality.
Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
Some ARIA parent roles cannot perform their intended functions if specific child roles are not used.
`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
Some ARIA child roles cannot perform their intended functions if specific parent roles are not used.
`[role]` values are valid
All ARIA roles require valid values to perform their intended functions.
ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
Generic names are announced to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader, when a toggle field does not have an accessible name specified.
ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
ARIA attributes cannot be interpreted with invalid values when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
ARIA attributes cannot be interpreted with invalid names when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
ARIA IDs are unique
Ensure all ARIA ID values are unique to prevent elements from being overlooked by assistive technologies, like a screen reader.

Names and labels

Buttons have an accessible name
Buttons become unusable as they are announced simply as "button" when the button does not have an accessible name, when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
Document has a `<title>` element
Search engines, screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on the title to provide an overview of the page and to help determine if the page is relevant to their search.
No form fields have multiple labels
Having multiple labels for form fields can be confusing to assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
Screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on frame titles to describe the contents of frames.
`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
Input buttons with alternative text assist screen readers and other assistive technology users to understand its purpose.
Form elements have associated labels
Screen readers and other assistive technologies rely on labels to properly announce form controls.
`<object>` elements have `[alt]` text
It is advised that alt text is used on '<object>' elements in order to provide meaning to screen reader and other assistive technology users, as these technologies are unable to translate non-text content.

Tables and lists

`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies may produce poor and inaccurate output when definition lists are not properly marked up.
Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
In order for screen readers and other assistive technologies to properly announce definition list items ('<dt>' and '<dd>'), they must be wrapped in parent a '<dl>' element.
List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>` or `<ol>` parent elements
In order for screen readers to announce list items, ensure that list items ('<li>') are contained within parent '<ul>' or '<ol>' tags.
Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies have features to make navigating tables easier. Ensure that '<td>' cells using the headers attribute only refer to other cells in the same table, to improve screen reader user experience.
`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies have features to make navigating tables easier. Ensure that table headers refer to some set of cells, to improve screen reader user experience.

Internationalization and localization

`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
Specify a valid BCP 47 language in order to help screen readers and other assistive technologies announce text properly.
`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
Specify a valid BCP 47 language on elements in order to help screen readers and other assistive technologies announce text properly.

Best practices

The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
Pages that refresh automatically cause a poor user experience as focus is directed back to the top of the page unexpectedly.
`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
For users with low vision who rely on screen magnification, ensure that zooming is not disabled.

Audio and video

`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
Simplypsychology.org may provide assistance to deaf or hearing-impaired users with captions on videos.

Contrast

Navigation

Heading elements are not in a sequentially-descending order
Properly order all headers and do not skip heading levels to better the navigation and readability for users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
Failing Elements

Internationalization and localization

`<html>` element does not have a `[lang]` attribute
It is advised to provide a lang attribute so that screen readers and other assistive technologies are guaranteed to announce the page's text correctly. When not provided, the user's default language setting will be used which may cause inaccuracies.
Failing Elements

Names and labels

Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes
Provide short and descriptive alternative text where possible on informative elements.
Failing Elements
img
Links do not have a discernible name
In order to improve the navigation for screen reader and other assistive technology users, use link text that is unique, focusable and discernible.

Tables and lists

Manual Checks

The page has a logical tab order
The visual layout should be logical in its tab order and users cannot focus elements that are offscreen.
Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
Ensure that custom interactive controls are keyboard focusable and that a focus indicator is displayed.
Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
Ensure that interactive elements (such as links and buttons) are distinguishable from non-interactive elements and that they indicate their state.
The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
When new content (such as a dialogue) is added to the page, the user's focus should be directed to it.
User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
Avoid focus being accidentally trapped when a user tabs in and out of controls or regions on page.
Custom controls have associated labels
Ensure that custom interactive controls have associated labels, which are provided by aria-label and aria-labelledby attributes.
Custom controls have ARIA roles
Ensure that all custom interactive controls have appropriate ARIA roles.
Visual order on the page follows DOM order
Ensure that the DOM order matches with the page's visual order, in order to improve navigation for screen readers and other assistive technologies.
Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
Ensure that offscreen content is hidden through the use of "display:none" styling or the aria-hidden attribute.
HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
Elements such as <main> and <nav> are recommended as they are used by screen readers and other assistive technologies to improve keyboard navigation.
73

Best Practices

Indicates the recommended, best practices currently in place on the page and highlights the best practices that simplypsychology.org should incorporate. This includes practices such as protecting pages with HTTPS.

Audits

Links to cross-origin destinations are safe
Improve performance and prevent security vulnerabilities by adding rel="noopener" and rel="noreferrer" to external links.
Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
When requesting a user's location, provide context or consider tying the request to a user action to avoid confusion and mistrust from users.
Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
When requesting permission to send notifications, provide context or consider tying the request to a user action to avoid confusion and mistrust from users.
Avoids front-end JavaScript libraries with known security vulnerabilities
Ensure that the use of third-party scripts is minimal and that only trusted third-party scripts are used as some may contain known security vulnerabilities which may be exploited by attackers.

Audits

Allows users to paste into password fields
Ensure that password inputs may be pasted into to aid in the user's ability to use password managers and improve security.
Displays images with correct aspect ratio
Ensure that image display dimensions match their natural aspect ratio.
Fonts with `font-display: optional` are preloaded
It is recommended that optional fonts are preloaded.

Audits

Page has the HTML doctype
Ensure a doctype is specified to prevent the browser from switching to quirks-mode.

Audits

Avoids Application Cache
Application cache is deprecated and is no longer recommended.
Detected JavaScript libraries
Below is a list of all front-end JavaScript libraries that were detected on the page.
Avoids deprecated APIs
Avoid deprecated APIs which will eventually be removed the browser.
No browser errors logged to the console
Below is a list of all errors logged to the console, which indicate unresolved problems on the site.
Page has valid source maps
Consider deploying source maps for added benefits such as the ability to debug while in production.
URL Map URL
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js.map
No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools
There may be unresolved issues logged to Chrome Devtools.

Audits

Does not use HTTPS — 1 insecure request found
Ensure that all pages are protected with HTTPS (including those that do not handle sensitive data) as HTTPS prevents tampering and passive listening on communications between the app and its users. Additionally, HTTPS is a prerequisite for HTTP/2 and many new web platform APIs.
Insecure URL Request Resolution
http://simplypsychology.org/
Allowed

Audits

Serves images with low resolution
For maximum image clarity, ensure images have natural dimensions and are proportional to the display size and pixel ratio.
URL Displayed size Actual size Expected size
https://www.simplypsychology.org/approaches3.jpg?ezimgfmt=rs:326x250/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
318 x 242
326 x 248
636 x 484
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Simply-Psychology-Logo(2).png?ezimgfmt=rs:330x43/rscb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
330 x 43
330 x 43
660 x 86

Audits

Charset declaration is missing or occurs too late in the HTML
It is advised to declare a character encoding, optionally via a <meta> tag in the first 1024 bytes of the HTML or in the Content-Type HTTP response header.

Audits

Registers an `unload` listener
The 'unload' event does not fire reliably, causing issues with browser optimizations such as the Back-Forward Cache. It is recommended that 'pagehide' or 'visibilitychange' events are used instead.
Source
93

SEO

Indicates how well the page is optimized for ranking in search engines and highlights Search Engine Optimization (SEO) opportunities for simplypsychology.org. This includes optimizations such as providing meta data.

Mobile Friendly

Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`
It is advised to use a '<meta name="viewport">' tag for the optimization of simplypsychology.org on mobile screens.
Document uses legible font sizes — 100% legible text
Font sizes of 12px or less are too small to most mobile users without user gestures and further action. Aim for more than 60% of page text to use font sizes greater than 12px.
Source Selector % of Page Text Font Size
100.00%
≥ 12px
Tap targets are sized appropriately — 100% appropriately sized tap targets
Interactive elements (such as buttons and links) should be appropriately spaced, sized and easy enough to select or tap with regard to their surrounding elements.

Content Best Practices

Document has a `<title>` element
Search engines, screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on the title to provide an overview of the page and to help determine if the page is relevant to their search.
Document has a meta description
Meta descriptions may be used by search engines when displaying a link to the page and should concisely summarize the page's content.
Links have descriptive text
Make use of descriptive link text to assist search engines in understanding the content.
Document has a valid `hreflang`
Search engines can be instructed to list specific versions of a page for a given language or region through the use of hreflang links.
Document has a valid `rel=canonical`
Search engines can be suggested which URL should be shown in search results through the use of canonical links.
Document avoids plugins
The content of plugins cannot be indexed by search engines and many devices either restrict or do not support them.

Crawling and Indexing

Page has successful HTTP status code
Avoid pages with unsuccessful HTTP status codes as they may not be indexed by search engines.
Links are crawlable
Ensure that the 'href' attribute of anchor elements links to the appropriate destination. This allows for more pages of the site to be discovered by search engines.
Page isn’t blocked from indexing
Pages that cannot be crawled by search engines cannot be indexed or included in their search results. Ensure that search engines have permission to crawl all pages that should be indexed.
robots.txt is valid
Malformed robots.txt files prevent crawlers from understanding how a site wants to be crawled or indexed, which can be devastating to SEO.

Content Best Practices

Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes
Provide short and descriptive alternative text where possible on informative elements.
Failing Elements
img

Manual Checks

Structured data is valid
Structured data can be validated through the use of the Structured Data Testing Tool and the Structured Data Linter.
42

Progressive Web App

Indicates how valid the aspects of a Progressive Web App (PWA) are for the page and highlights opportunities to enable/improve the PWA of simplypsychology.org. This includes details about web app manifests.

PWA Optimized

Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS
It is advised to redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS, in order to enable secure web features for all users.
Content is sized correctly for the viewport
Ensure that the width of the app's content matches the width of the viewport, otherwise the app might not be optimized for mobile screens.
Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`
It is advised to use a '<meta name="viewport">' tag for the optimization of simplypsychology.org on mobile screens.

Installable

Web app manifest or service worker do not meet the installability requirements — 1 reason
User engagement may be increased by leveraging the browsers ability to proactively prompt users to add the app to their homescreen.
Failure reason
No manifest was fetched

PWA Optimized

Does not register a service worker that controls page and `start_url`
A service worker is used to provide Progressive Web Apps the use of features such as working offline, the ability for the app to be added to the homescreen as well as push notifications.
Is not configured for a custom splash screen
Themed splash screens ensure a high-quality user experience at launch for app users.
View Data
Does not set a theme color for the address bar.
A theme may be applied to the browser address bar, which ideally can be made to match the site.
View Data
Does not provide a valid `apple-touch-icon`
iOS users of Progressive Web Apps will benefit from an apple touch icon, which can be defined with 'apple-touch-icon', which must point to a non-transparent 192px (or 180px) square PNG.
Manifest doesn't have a maskable icon
Maskable icons are great to ensure that images fill the entire shape when installing the app on a device.

Manual Checks

Site works cross-browser
Ensure that the Progressive Web App works correctly across every major browser.
Page transitions don't feel like they block on the network
Users perceive apps with responsive, snappy transitions as higher peforming and ensures a great user experience, even on a slow network.
Each page has a URL
Ensure that all pages are deep linkable via URL. They should also be unique for the purpose of shareability on social media.
Hosting

Server Location

Server IP Address: 99.79.175.42
Continent: North America
Country: Canada
Canada Flag
Region: Quebec
City: Montreal
Longitude: -73.5848
Latitude: 45.4995
Currencies: CAD
Languages: English
French

Web Hosting Provider

Name IP Address
Amazon Data Services Canada
Registration

Domain Registrant

Private Registration: Yes
Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Country: JP
City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
State: AITI
Post Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Email:
Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Note: Registration information is derived from various sources and may be inaccurate.

Domain Registrar

Name IP Address
TUCOWS, INC. 199.16.172.52
Security

Visitor Safety

Mature Content: Not Likely
McAfee WebAdvisor Rating: Safe
WOT Rating: 4.5/5 (0 reviews)
WOT Trustworthiness: 89/100
WOT Child Safety: 93/100
Note: Safety information is not guaranteed.

SSL/TLS Certificate

Issued To: sni.cloudflaressl.com
Issued By: Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3
Valid From: 10th July, 2020
Valid To: 10th July, 2021
Subject: CN = sni.cloudflaressl.com
O = Cloudflare, Inc.
L = San Francisco
S = US
Hash: 4d04c09a
Issuer: CN = Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3
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S = US
Version: 2
Serial Number: 16739954887745153253341295893328158461
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Valid From: 10th July, 2024
Valid To: 10th July, 2024
Signature Algorithm (Short Name): ecdsa-with-SHA256
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Extended Key Usage: TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication
CRL Distribution Points:
Full Name:
URI:http://crl3.digicert.com/CloudflareIncECCCA-3.crl

Full Name:
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Certificate Policies: Policy: 2.16.840.1.114412.1.1
CPS: https://www.digicert.com/CPS
Policy: 2.23.140.1.2.2

Authority Information Access: OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.digicert.com
CA Issuers - URI:http://cacerts.digicert.com/CloudflareIncECCCA-3.crt

SCT List: Signed Certificate Timestamp:
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E3:4D:13:19:33:BF:DF:0C:2F:20:0B:CC:4E:F1:64:E3
Timestamp : Jul 10 21:24:35.381 2020 GMT
Extensions: none
Signature : ecdsa-with-SHA256
30:44:02:20:20:04:1A:8C:07:72:A1:43:CB:3A:0A:3E:
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Signed Certificate Timestamp:
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Log ID : 5C:DC:43:92:FE:E6:AB:45:44:B1:5E:9A:D4:56:E6:10:
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Timestamp : Jul 10 21:24:35.431 2020 GMT
Extensions: none
Signature : ecdsa-with-SHA256
30:45:02:21:00:94:C1:D8:F9:BC:26:26:8D:E8:71:F4:
9D:2D:71:C0:22:5D:B5:BC:E2:14:F7:98:24:95:43:83:
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Key Usage: Digital Signature
Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE
Subject Alternative Name: DNS:www.simplypsychology.org
DNS:sni.cloudflaressl.com
Technical

DNS Lookup

A Records

Host IP Address Class TTL
simplypsychology.org. 35.175.60.16 IN 59
simplypsychology.org. 50.16.49.81 IN 59
simplypsychology.org. 52.86.133.10 IN 59
simplypsychology.org. 3.234.104.255 IN 59
simplypsychology.org. 18.232.245.187 IN 59

NS Records

Host Nameserver Class TTL
simplypsychology.org. ns-1344.awsdns-40.org. IN 21599
simplypsychology.org. ns-1691.awsdns-19.co.uk. IN 21599
simplypsychology.org. ns-7.awsdns-00.com. IN 21599
simplypsychology.org. ns-927.awsdns-51.net. IN 21599

SOA Records

Domain Name Primary NS Responsible Email TTL
simplypsychology.org. ns-927.awsdns-51.net. awsdns-hostmaster.amazon.com. 899

HTTP Response Headers

HTTP-Code: HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: 12th April, 2021
Content-Type: text/html
Cache-Control: max-age=0, must-revalidate, no-cache, no-store
Expires: 11th April, 2021
Server: cloudflare
Connection: keep-alive
Set-Cookie: *
Display: pub_site_sol
Last-Modified: 8th April, 2021
Pagespeed: off
Response: 200
Vary: User-Agent,Accept-Encoding
X-Ezoic-Cdn: Hit ds;mm;2debf76f2f44c596cdb861af75470b50;2-2292-3303;d345d08d-611d-48a3-4e2a-1fc5c0bea9f2
X-Middleton-Display: pub_site_sol
X-Middleton-Response: 200
X-Sol: pub_site
CF-Cache-Status: DYNAMIC
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Whois Lookup

Created: 12th November, 2010
Changed: 12th July, 2020
Expires: 12th November, 2029
Registrar: TUCOWS, INC.
Status: clientTransferProhibited
clientUpdateProhibited
Nameservers: ns-1344.awsdns-40.org
ns-1691.awsdns-19.co.uk
Owner Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Owner Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Owner Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Owner Post Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Owner City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Owner State: lancs
Owner Country: GB
Owner Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Owner Email: https://tieredaccess.com/contact/5db2d44d-3d45-4cb0-8f43-54af0662b5a6
Admin Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Post Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin State: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Post Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech State: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Full Whois: Domain Name: SIMPLYPSYCHOLOGY.ORG
Registry Domain ID: D160899661-LROR
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.tucows.com
Registrar URL: http://tucowsdomains.com
Updated Date: 2020-12-07T17:40:19
Creation Date: 2010-12-11T08:14:45
Registrar Registration Expiration Date: 2029-12-11T08:14:45
Registrar: TUCOWS, INC.
Registrar IANA ID: 69
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Domain Status: clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited
Registry Registrant ID:
Registrant Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant State/Province: lancs
Registrant Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Country: GB
Registrant Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Phone Ext:
Registrant Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registrant Fax Ext:
Registrant Email: https://tieredaccess.com/contact/5db2d44d-3d45-4cb0-8f43-54af0662b5a6
Registry Admin ID:
Admin Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Phone Ext:
Admin Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Fax Ext:
Admin Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registry Tech ID:
Tech Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone Ext:
Tech Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Fax Ext:
Tech Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Name Server: ns-1344.awsdns-40.org
Name Server: ns-1691.awsdns-19.co.uk
DNSSEC: unsigned
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: domainabuse@tucows.com
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.4165350123
URL of the ICANN WHOIS Data Problem Reporting System: http://wdprs.internic.net/
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2021-04-12T20:31:27Z <<<

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By submitting a WHOIS query, you agree that you will use this data only for
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Nameservers

Name IP Address
ns-1344.awsdns-40.org 205.251.197.64
ns-1691.awsdns-19.co.uk 205.251.198.155
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